Perkembangan Integrasi Digital Untuk Mendorong Digitalisasi Ekonomi di Kawasan Asean
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Published:
2024-03-27
Keywords:
ASEAN, Digital Integration, Digital Economy, Technological Innovation
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Abstract
The digitalization of the economy is rapidly becoming the main driver capable of driving super-fast economic development. However, contrary to the ideal expectations, ASEAN still faces many challenges in promoting digital integration, one of which is the sizeable disparity among ASEAN countries in economic digitization. This actual condition (das sein) creates a gap with the main objective (das sollen). The main purpose of this article is to analyze the development of ASEAN's digitalization, explain the current picture of economic digitization, analyze the challenges in driving the digital economy and how to commit to it. The method used in this study is a literature study with a descriptive review variant. The study results show that taking advantage of the opportunities of an integrated digital economy will spur domestic economic growth. The use of technology and digital innovation also accelerates the productivity of the ASEAN region to be able to compete with other regions. The obstacles to digital economic integration that are still facing ASEAN are the low level of digital literacy and skills and the development of strategies that are not following the ASEAN Masterplan. Meanwhile, the key problems associated with digital integration commitments include wide digital gaps across ASEAN countries.
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References
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Anukoonwattaka, W., Romao, P., Bhogal, P., Bentze, T., Lobo, R. S., & Vaishnav, A. (2021). Digital Economy Integration in Asia and the Pacific: Insights from DigiSRII 1.0. Asia-Pacific Sustainable Development Journal, 28(2), 113–148.
Arnakim, L. Y., & Kibtiah, T. M. (2021). Response of ASEAN member states to the Spread of Covid-19 in Southeast Asia. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 729(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/729/1/012100
asean.org. (2018). The 50th ASEAN Economic Ministers (AEM) Meeting (29 August 2018, Singapore). https://asean.org/our-communities/economic-community/trade-and-market-integration/key-documents/
ASEAN. (2021). ASEAN Digital Integration Index: Measuring Digital Integration to Inform Economic Policies. https://asean.org/book/asean-digital-integration-index-report-2021/
ASEAN Briefing. (2018). Thailand’s Eastern Economic Corridor – What You Need to Know. https://www.aseanbriefing.com/news/thailand-eastern-economic-corridor/
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Avirutha, A. (2021). ASEAN in Digital Economy?: Opportunities and Challenges. Journal of ASEAN PLUS+ Studies, 2(1), 17–25.
Aziz, A. (2012). Pemanfaatan Teknologi Informasi dalam Pengembangan Bisnis Pos. Buletin Pos Dan Telekomunikasi, 10(1), 35–50. https://doi.org/10.17933/bpostel.2012.100104
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de Souza, G. M. (2018). Notions of Border in Regionalism Theory and Praxis: A Critical Overview. Civitas, 18(2), 245–261. https://doi.org/10.15448/1984-7289.2017.3.31575
Fatmawati, D., Isbah, F., & Kusumaningtyas, A. P. (2019). Pekerja Muda dan Ancaman Deskilling-Skill Trap di Sektor Transportasi Berbasis Daring. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 8(1), 29–45. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.45301
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Hoppe, F., May, T., & Lin, J. (2018). Advancing Towards ASEAN Digital Integration: Empowering SMEs to Build ASEAN’s Digital Future. https://www.bain.com/insights/advancing-towards-asean-digital-integration/
Idat, D. G. (2019). Memanfaatkan Era Ekonomi Digital untuk Memperkuat Ketahanan Nasional. Jurnal Kajian Lemhannas, 7(2), 5–11. http://jurnal.lemhannas.go.id/index.php/jkl/article/view/67
Imantoro, J., Ali, K., & Handayani, M. (2019). Analisa E-Conomy di ASEAN (Studi Komparatif di Enam Negara). Jurnal Fidusia, 2(2), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.24127/jf.v2i2.453
Ishikawa, K. (2021). The ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN economic integration. Journal of Contemporary East Asia Studies, 10(1), 24–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/24761028.2021.1891702
Majumdar, S. K., Sarma, A. P., & Majumdar, S. (2020). E-commerce and Digital Connectivity: Unleashing the Potential for Greater India–ASEAN Integration. Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 2(1), 62–81. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620910524
Menon, J., & Fink, A. (2019). The Fourth Industrial Revolution and Its Implications for Regional Economic Integration in ASEAN. Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 1(1), 32–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684618821566
Ministry of Trade and Industry of Singapore. (2022). ASEAN Digital Integration Framework. Ministry of Trade and Industry of Singapore. https://www.mti.gov.sg/ASEAN/ASEAN-Digital-Integration
MITI Malaysia. (2018). Industry 4WRD: National Policy on Industry 4.0. In Ministry of International Trade and Industry. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of International Trade and Industry.
Oxford Business Group. (2020). The Digital Economy is Creating Widespread Opportunities in the Emerging World. 2020. https://oxfordbusinessgroup.com/overview/bridging-divide-ever-expanding-digital-economy-creating-widespread-opportunities-1
Paré, G., Trudel, M. C., Jaana, M., & Kitsiou, S. (2015). Synthesizing Information Systems Knowledge: A Typology of Literature Reviews. Information and Management, 52(2), 183–199. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2014.08.008
Parks, T., Maramis, L., Sunchindah, A., & Wongwatanakul, W. (2018). ASEAN as the Architect for Regional Development Cooperation. San Francisco: The Asia Foundation.
partners.wsj.com. (2020). Indonesia Set to Become a Digital Economic Powerhouse. 2020. https://partners.wsj.com/bkpm/indonesia-open-for-business/indonesia-set-to-become-a-digital-economic-powerhouse/
Permana, P., Hoen, H. W., & Holzhacker, R. L. (2020). Political Economy of ASEAN Open Skies Policy: Business Preferences, Competition and Commitment to Economic Integration. Journal of Asian Economic Integration, 2(1), 44–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/2631684620910520
Redhana, I. W. (2019). Mengembangkan Keterampilan Abad Ke-21 Dalam Pembelajaran Kimia. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Kimia, 13(1), 2239 – 2253. https://doi.org/10.15294/jipk.v13i1.17824
Saarikko, T., Westergren, U. H., & Blomquist, T. (2020). Digital Transformation: Five Recommendations for the Digitally Conscious Firm. Business Horizons, 63(6), 825–839. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.07.005
Santosa, A. A. G. D. H. (2021). Implementation of Asean Economic Community During the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, 24(1), 119–125.
Simmons, G., Palmer, M., & Truong, Y. (2013). Inscribing value on business model innovations: Insights from industrial projects commercializing disruptive digital innovations. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(5), 744–754. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.05.010
Söderbaum, F. (2011). The Routledge Handbook of Asian Regionalism. London: Routledge.
Stonehouse, G. H., & Konina, N. Y. (2020). Management Challenges in the Age of Digital Disruption. 119(Etcmtp 2019), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.200201.001
Sylvester, A., Tate, M., & Johnstone, D. (2013). Beyond Synthesis: Representing Heterogeneous Research Literature. Behaviour and Information Technology, 32(12), 1199–1215. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2011.624633
Tallman, N. (2021). A 21st Century Technical Infrastructure for Digital Preservation. Information Technology and Libraries, 40(4). https://doi.org/10.6017/ITAL.V40I4.13355
The ASEAN Secretariat. (2015). ASEAN Economic Community Blueprint 2025. https://asean.org/book/asean-economic-community-blueprint-2025/
The ASEAN Secretariat. (2017). Master Plan on ASEAN Connectivity 2025. Jakarta: ASEAN. https://asean.org/book/master-plan-on-asean-connectivity-2025/
The ASEAN Secretariat. (2021). ASEAN Statistical Yearbook 2021. In ASEAN Statistics. Jakarta: ASEAN. https://www.aseanstats.org/publication/asyb-2021/
The World Bank. (2020). Individuals Using the Internet (% of Population). https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS?name_desc=false
Van Veldhoven, Z., & Vanthienen, J. (2021). Digital Transformation as an Interaction-Driven Perspective Between Business, Society and Technology. Electronic Markets. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12525-021-00464-5
von Leipzig, T., Gamp, M., Manz, D., Schöttle, K., Ohlhausen, P., Oosthuizen, G., Palm, D., & von Leipzig, K. (2017). Initialising Customer-Orientated Digital Transformation in Enterprises. Procedia Manufacturing, 8, 517–524. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.promfg.2017.02.066
Ziphorah, R. M. (2014). Information and Communication Technology Integration: Where to Start, Infrastructure or Capacity Building? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 116, 3649–3658. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.818